( April 5, 1937) is an American statesman and a retired four-star general in the United States Army. Serving under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005, he was the 65th United States Secretary of State and the first African American to serve in that position. During his military career, Powell also served as National Security Adviser (1987–1989), as Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command (1989) and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–1993), holding the latter position during the Gulf War.
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